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5.摘要

Summary

  鑒于大量的影響參數(shù)和由此產生的復雜相互關系，以及不同影響因素的平行效應，負責消毒設備的人員往往發(fā)現(xiàn)在實踐中很難確定實際導致腔室內部不銹鋼表面（不希望的或麻煩的）改變的具體原因。

   In light of the large number of influencing parameters and the resulting complex interrelations, and because of the parallel effects of different influencing factors, individuals in charge of sanitizing equipment often find it very difficult in practice to determine the specific cause that has actually led to an (undesired or bothersome) alteration of the stainless steel surfaces located in the interior of a chamber.

  本手冊的目的是描述并說明被稱為紅銹的消毒器室表面變化的現(xiàn)象。還描述了在實際中成功實施的措施。在所有所涵蓋的方法中，設備用戶、設備制造商和專業(yè)清潔公司之間的積極和專注的協(xié)作是一個恒定的要求。 

     The aim of this brochure is to describe and identify the phenomenon known as rouging as a change in the surfaces of sterilizer chambers. Measures which have already been successfully implemented in practice are also described. In all of the methods covered, an active and focused collaboration between equipment users, the equipment manufacturer and the specialist cleaning company is a constant requirement.

術語和縮寫

Begriffserkl?rungen und Abkürzungen

德國儀器再處理工作組

訪問www.a-k-i.org獲取詳細信息和免費下載工作組的手冊。

A

AKI

German Instrument Reprocessing Workgroup

Visit www.a-k-i.org for detailed information and free downloads of the Workgroup's brochures.

活化

使用酸去除表面的氧化物雜質（不純物）。

Activation

Use of acids to remove oxide impurities on surfaces.

光譜分析技術，用于測定材料表面化學成分的無損研究。

AUGER

Spectroscopic analytical technique used in the non-destructive study of material surfaces to determine their chemical composition.

AUGER（俄歇）

一種不銹鋼合金，其中金屬原子在有序金屬晶格體系中具有面中心立方排列。當熔融材料凝固時，建立了單獨的系統(tǒng)，單位晶體總是以不同的方向生長。

Austenitic

A stainless steel alloy in which the metal atoms have a face-centred cubic arrangement in the ordered metal lattice system. The individual system is established when the molten material solidifies, with the unit crystals always growing in different directional orientations.

氯化物=氯化物，元素氯離子

C

Cl =Chloride, ions of the element chlorine

腐蝕

是指發(fā)生在材料表面作為（不希望的）一種化學反應的一部分變化的術語。在嚴重的情況下，這基本上會導致材料/部件的破壞。

Corrosion

Term referring to changes occurring on the surface of a material as part of an (undesired) chemical reaction. In serious cases, this can essentially result in the destruction of the material/component.

鉻=元素鉻

Cr = the element chromium

CSSD = central sterile services department, new term MPPU

CSSD=中央無菌服務部門，新術語MPPU

去離子水

來自水處理領域的術語。沒有標準的水質水平。去離子水通常是指離子交換脫鹽后電導率小于5μS/cm的產品水。

D

Deionised water

Term from the field of water treatment. Level of water quality that is not standardised. Deionised water typically refers to product water with an electrical conductance of less than 5 μS/cm following ion exchange demineralisation.

能量色散x射線分析作為一種化學分析方法。

E

EDX

Energy dispersive X-ray analysis as a method of chemical analysis.

EDX

用于化學分析的電子光譜學。

ESCA

Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis.

ESCA

乙二胺四乙酸或乙二胺四乙酸形成金屬配合物，然后表現(xiàn)出期望的效果。用于溶解表面上的殘留物。

EDTA

Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid or ethylenediamine tetraacetate Forms metal complexes which then exhibit the desired effect. Used to dissolve residues on surfaces.

鐵素體

在有序金屬晶格中具有以體為中心的立方金屬原子排列的不銹鋼合金。

F

Ferritic

Stainless steel alloy with a body-centred cubic metal atom arrangement in the ordered metal lattice.

鐵=元素鐵

Fe = the element iron

GLDA=谷氨酸二乙酸四鈉絡合劑，也被稱為螯合劑，是與金屬離子形成螯合配合物的化合物。它們會導致不需要的金屬離子（鐵離子）的掩蓋（鍵合）。

G

GLDA = tetrasodium glutamate diacetate Complexing agents, also known as chelating agents, are chemical compounds which form chelate complexes with metal ions. They result in a masking (bonding) of undesired metal ions (iron ions).

混合離子交換床

陽離子和陰離子交換樹脂的混合物。這種混合物通過離子交換從水中去除所有的鹽（礦物質、分離的水成分）。

M

Mixed-bed ion exchange

Mixture of cation and anion exchange resin. This mixture removes all salts (mineral, dissociated water constituents) from the water as it passes through the ion exchange.

馬氏體

在硬化過程中持續(xù)產生的一種合金的晶體結構。在附隨的金屬晶格中金屬原子的排列通常是四面體的。

Martensitic

Crystalline structure of an alloy that consistently occurs during hardening. The metal atom arrangement in the accompanying metal crystal lattice is usually tetrahedral.

形態(tài)結構

在不銹鋼合金表面的合金元素的精確配置的描述。

Morphological structure

Description of the precise configuration of the alloying elements on the surface of the stainless steel alloy.

醫(yī)療產品加工單元

MPPU

Medical products processing unit

次氮基三乙酸

用于處理/清洗無污鋼表面的化學品。金屬絡合劑。

N

NTA

Nitrilotriacetic acid

Chemical used for treating/cleaning stain- less steel surfaces. A metal complexing agent.

鎳=元素鎳

Ni = the element nickel

氧化

一般來說，氧化本質上是任何化學價發(fā)生增加的化學反應，也是涉及氧氣的化學過程，通常與表面的破壞和銹的形成有關。

O

Oxidation

Generally speaking, oxidation is essentially any chemical reaction in which an increase in valence occurs, and is also a chemical process involving oxygen, usually in connection with damage to / destruction of a surface and rust formation.

歐洲藥典

P

Ph. EUR

European Pharmacopoeia (Europ?ische Pharmakop?e

點蝕

一種通常由氯離子引起的特殊（局部）類型的腐蝕。

Pitting

A specific (local) type of corrosion, usually caused by chloride ions.

Ra=算術平均粗糙度值，根據(jù)DIN EN ISO 4287規(guī)定的表面粗糙度參數(shù)

R

Ra = Arithmetical mean roughness value, a surface roughness parameter according to DIN EN ISO 4287

Rz=平均粗糙度深度，根據(jù)DINENISO4287規(guī)定的表面粗糙度參數(shù)

Rz = Mean roughness depth, a surface roughness parameter according to DIN EN ISO 4287

紅銹，生銹

最初是一個用來表示紅色化妝色調的法語術語。在此用途是指在腔室或腔室表面發(fā)現(xiàn)的紅褐色膜層/變色（腐蝕）。

Rouge, Rouging

Originally a French term used to denote the application of red make-up hues. Used in this context to refer to the reddish-brown films/discolourations (corrosion) found in chambers or on chamber surfaces.

硅氧化物

含硅酸的水成分的分類術語。這些物質可能是造成不需要的變色膜層的部分原因。

S

Silica

Categorical term for water constituents containing silicic acid. These substances can be partially responsible for undesired coloured films.

硅氧化物的突破

表示在生產處理水時使用混合床離子交換時沒完全去除氧化硅化合物。

Silica breakthrough

Denotes the incomplete removal of silica compounds during the use of mixed-bed ion exchanges in the production of treated water.

鋼，防腐蝕/不銹鋼是含有一種鐵和其他符合DIN EN 10020、10027-1/2和10088的規(guī)格，且在一定條件下不會生銹的元素（鉻、鎳、鉬等）的高級合金。

Steel, non-corroding / stainless steel is a high-grade alloy of iron and other (Cr, Ni, Mo, etc.) elements that meets the specifications of DIN EN 10020, 10027-1/2 and 10088 and will not rust under certain conditions.

超純水

指滿足蒸汽滅菌要求的完全脫鹽水。沒有從任何特定的標準中定義的質量概念。

U

Ultrapure water

Refers to fully demineralised water which satisfies the requirements for steam sterilization. Not a defined quality concept from any specific standard.

美國藥典

USP

United States Pharmacopeia

WD=清洗機消毒器

W

WD = Washer-disinfector

來自：德國的錢伯斯工作組(德語縮寫：AKK)的手冊